Case Study & Research Centre
Strengthening Skills for Growth
An Assessment of the Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana
An assessment of the Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana (PMKVY), examining the evolution of the scheme, its implementation challenges, skill–job mismatches, and measures to strengthen employment outcomes and workforce readiness.
About the Policy Brief
The Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana (PMKVY) is the flagship outcome-based skill training scheme under the Skill India Mission, aimed at equipping Indian youth with skills that improve employability and livelihood opportunities. This policy brief traces the evolution of PMKVY across its four phases, from PMKVY 1.0 to PMKVY 4.0, and examines how the scheme has adapted to changing labour market needs.
The brief examines key challenges including weak placement outcomes, gaps between training and local skill demand, training quality, limited industry alignment, financial and governance issues, and barriers to employment for candidates in low-placement regions. It also presents recommendations focused on placement accountability, district-level skill-gap mapping, industry-linked training, trainer quality and local employment facilitation.
Download the Policy Brief
Explore the full assessment of PMKVY, its implementation challenges and recommendations for strengthening skills, employment outcomes and industry alignment.
What Does the Policy Brief Examine?
Evolution of PMKVY 1.0–4.0
Skill–Job Mismatch
Training Quality & Placement Outcomes
Governance & Accountability